In Vitro Micropropagation of Endangered Achillea fragrantissima Forssk. Combined with Enhancement of Its Antihyperglycemic Activity

Achillea fragrantissima Forssk. (Family: Asteraceae) has been used as a natural remedy in the Arabian region for its antihyperglycemic activity. As result of intensive demand this plant folk medicinal uses, scarcity become problematic. This study explored methods that produce an efficient vitro culture protocol conservation well enhancement hypoglycemic A. cultures on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.6 µM/L 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) two month period resulted maximum shoot proliferation (12.33 shoots/explant) while MS 2.4 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) provided adventitious root formation (2.46 roots/shoot tip explant). Callus induction was favored by leaf explants cultured 3 BAP IAA media dark conditions. Further vivo some selected feedings determined best activity obtained either indole-3-butyric (IBA)-fed plants (24%) or NAA-fed (22%). Both treatments enhanced insulin-like STZ-treated diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats when compared wild (10%). Moreover, IBA-fed showed significant antioxidant inhibited salivary alpha amylase. The framework provides can sustain cultivation over-exploited increase activities.